|
Acer rubrum
|
Red maple
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Fire, Heat
|
|
Acer saccharinum
|
Silver maple
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Heat, Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions
|
|
Achillea borealis
|
Common yarrow
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Mowing
|
|
Adiantum pedatum
|
Northern maidenhair fern
|
Yes
|
No
|
Fern & Fern Allies
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Ageratina aromatica
|
Small white snakeroot, Lesser snakeroot
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Agrostis perennans
|
Autumn bentgrass
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Poor soil (sand/clay), Dry soils/drought
|
|
Allium canadense var. canadense
|
Wild onion, Meadow onion
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Allium cernuum
|
Nodding onion
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Alnus serrulata
|
Smooth alder, Hazel alder
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions, Heat, Fire
|
|
Amelanchier arborea
|
Downy serviceberry
|
No
|
No
|
Medium Trees
|
Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Fire
|
|
Amorpha fruticosa
|
False indigo-bush, Tall indigo-bush
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions
|
|
Andropogon gerardii
|
Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions
|
|
Andropogon virginicus
|
Broomsedge
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Anemone virginiana var. virginiana
|
Tall anemone, Thimbleweed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **
|
|
Antennaria neglecta
|
Field pussytoes
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Antennaria plantaginifolia
|
Plantain-leaved pussytoes, Everlasting, Ladies' tabacco, Mouse ear, Plantain-leaved everlasting, Plantain pussytoes, Pussytoes
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Apocynum androsaemifolium
|
Spreading dogbane
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Aquilegia canadensis
|
Wild columbine, Eastern red columbine
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt
|
|
Aralia spinosa
|
Devil's walking-stick
|
No
|
No
|
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Urban environments
|
|
Aronia arbutifolia
|
Red chokeberry
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
|
|
Asclepias syriaca
|
Common milkweed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Asclepias tuberosa
|
Butterfly milkweed, Common butterfly weed, Butterfly weed, Common butterfly-weed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt
|
|
Asclepias variegata
|
White milkweed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Asclepias verticillata
|
Whorled milkweed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Baccharis halimifolia
|
High-tide bush, Groundsel tree
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
|
|
Baptisia australis
|
Blue wild indigo, False blue indigo
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments
|
|
Baptisia tinctoria
|
Yellow wild indigo, Horsefly weed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Betula nigra
|
River birch, Red birch
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Fire, Heat
|
|
Bignonia capreolata
|
Cross-vine
|
No
|
No
|
Vines
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
|
|
Campsis radicans
|
Trumpet-creeper, Trumpet creeper, Trumpet vine, Hellvine, Cow-itch, Foxglove vine, Devil's shoestring
|
No
|
No
|
Vines
|
Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Carex pensylvanica
|
Pennsylvania sedge, Plantainleaf sedge, Plantain-leaved sedge, Seersucker sedge
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Mowing, Some foot traffic, Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Carpinus caroliniana
|
American hornbeam, Ironwood
|
No
|
No
|
Medium Trees, Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Urban environments
|
|
Carya tomentosa
|
Mockernut hickory
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Castanea pumila
|
Allegheny chinquapin
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Ceanothus americanus
|
New jersey tea, Redroot, Mountain snowbell
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments
|
|
Chamaecrista fasciculata
|
Partridge pea, Prairie senna, Common partridge-pea
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Chasmanthium latifolium
|
River oats, Indian wood oats, Inland sea oats, Wild oats, Wood-oat, Northern sea oats
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **, Salt, Wet conditions
|
|
Chionanthus virginicus
|
Fringetree, Old man's beard
|
No
|
No
|
Medium Trees
|
Air pollution, Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Urban environments
|
|
Chrysogonum virginianum
|
Green and gold, Golden knees
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Chrysopsis mariana
|
Maryland golden-aster, Maryland golden aster
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Cirsium discolor
|
Field thistle
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Cirsium pumilum
|
Pasture thistle
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Clitoria mariana
|
Maryland butterfly pea
|
No
|
Yes
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Comptonia peregrina
|
Sweet-fern
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Wind
|
|
Coreopsis tripteris
|
Tall coreopsis, Tall tickseed
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Coreopsis verticillata
|
Whorled coreopsis, Thread-leaf coreopsis
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Salt
|
|
Cornus racemosa
|
Gray dogwood
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments, Wet conditions
|
|
Crataegus phaenopyrum
|
Washington hawthorn
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Air pollution, Urban environments
|
|
Crataegus viridis
|
Green hawthorn
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Air pollution, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Cunila origanoides
|
Common dittany, Wild oregano, Stonemint
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Dennstaedtia punctilobula
|
Hay-scented fern
|
No
|
No
|
Fern & Fern Allies
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt
|
|
Dryopteris celsa
|
Log fern
|
No
|
No
|
Fern & Fern Allies
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
|
|
Dryopteris intermedia
|
Evergreen wood fern, Fancy fern
|
No
|
Yes
|
Fern & Fern Allies
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
|
|
Elymus hystrix
|
Bottlebrush grass, Bottle-brush grass
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution
|
|
Eragrostis spectabilis
|
Purple lovegrass, Tumblegrass
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Air pollution, Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay), Salt
|
|
Erigeron philadelphicus
|
Philadelphia fleabane
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Eupatorium hyssopifolium
|
Hyssop-leaf thoroughwort, Hyssop-leaved boneset
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Urban environments, Salt
|
|
Eupatorium rotundifolium
|
Roundleaf thoroughwort, Roundleaf boneset
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Fire
|
|
Eurybia divaricata
|
White wood aster
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Fragaria virginiana
|
Wild strawberry, Virginia strawberry
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Fraxinus americana
|
White ash, American ash
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Gaylussacia baccata
|
Black huckleberry
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Helianthus divaricatus
|
Woodland sunflower
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Heliopsis helianthoides
|
Oxeye sunflower, Oxeye
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Heuchera americana
|
American alumroot
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Hypericum hypericoides
|
St. andrew's cross
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Hypericum prolificum
|
Shrubby st. john's-wort
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction
|
|
Iris cristata
|
Dwarf crested iris
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Itea virginica
|
Virginia-willow, Virginia sweetspire
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Juglans nigra
|
Black walnut
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Juncus effusus
|
Soft rush, Common rush
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions
|
|
Juniperus virginiana
|
Eastern redcedar
|
No
|
Yes
|
Large Trees, Medium Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
|
|
Kalmia latifolia
|
Mountain laurel, Ivy
|
No
|
Yes
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Acidic soils, Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Lespedeza capitata
|
Round-headed lespedeza, Round-headed bush-clover
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Lespedeza virginica
|
Slender lespedeza, Slender bush-clover
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Liatris pilosa
|
Grass-leaf blazing star, Grass-leaf gayfeather
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Liatris spicata
|
Dense blazing star, Dense gayfeather, Dense liatris, Marsh blazing star, Marsh gayfeather, Marsh liatris
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Liquidambar styraciflua
|
Sweetgum
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions
|
|
Micranthes virginiensis
|
Early saxifrage
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Mitchella repens
|
Partidge-berry
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Mowing, Some foot traffic
|
|
Monarda fistulosa
|
Wild bergamot
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Monarda punctata
|
Horse-mint, Horsemint, Spotted bee-balm
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Morus rubra
|
Red mulberry, Common mulberry
|
No
|
No
|
Medium Trees
|
Air pollution, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Muhlenbergia capillaris
|
Hair-awn muhly, Long-awn hairgrass
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Poor soil (sand/clay), Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution, Salt
|
|
Nyssa sylvatica
|
Black gum, Sour gum
|
No
|
No
|
Large Trees, Medium Trees
|
Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution
|
|
Onoclea sensibilis
|
Sensitive fern
|
No
|
No
|
Fern & Fern Allies
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
|
|
Ostrya virginiana
|
Hop-horn-beam, Eastern hop-hornbeam, Ironwood
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction
|
|
Packera anonyma
|
Small's ragwort, Appalachian ragwort, Plain ragwort, Southern ragwort
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Parthenocissus quinquefolia
|
Virginia-creeper
|
Yes
|
No
|
Vines
|
Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Salt, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution
|
|
Paspalum floridanum
|
Florida paspalum
|
No
|
No
|
Grasses, Sedges & Rushes
|
Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Passiflora incarnata
|
Purple passionflower, Maypop
|
No
|
No
|
Vines
|
Poor soil (sand/clay), Dry soils/drought
|
|
Penstemon laevigatus
|
Smooth beard-tongue, Eastern smooth beard-tongue, Eastern beardtongue, Hairy beardtongue, Eastern penstemon , Eastern smooth penstemon , Hairy penstemon, Smooth penstemon
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Phlox divaricata
|
Wild blue phlox, Woodland phlox
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Phlox stolonifera
|
Creeping phlox
|
No
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Air pollution
|
|
Phlox subulata
|
Moss phlox, Moss-pink
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Herbs
|
Salt, Some foot traffic, Air pollution, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
|
|
Physocarpus opulifolius
|
Ninebark
|
No
|
No
|
Shrubs & Small Trees
|
Dry soils/drought
|
|
Pinus taeda
|
Loblolly pine
|
No
|
Yes
|
Large Trees
|
Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought
|
|
Pinus virginiana
|
Virginia pine, Scrub pine
|
No
|
Yes
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction, Air pollution
|
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
Sycamore, American sycamore
|
No
|
Yes
|
Large Trees
|
Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution, Urban environments, Wet conditions
|
|
Podophyllum peltatum
|
Mayapple, Devil's apple, Duck's foot, Hog apple, Indian apple, Indian apple root, Mandrake , Raccoonberry, Umbrella leaf, Wild lemon, May-apple, May apple
|
Yes
|
No
|
Herbs
|
Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
|