Good for: Butterfly garden

Scientific Name Common Name(s) Ground cover? Evergreen? Plant Form(s) Tolerates
Passiflora incarnata Purple passionflower, Maypop No No Vines Poor soil (sand/clay), Dry soils/drought
Passiflora lutea Yellow passionflower No No Herbs
Penstemon laevigatus Smooth beard-tongue, Eastern smooth beard-tongue, Eastern beardtongue, Hairy beardtongue, Eastern penstemon , Eastern smooth penstemon , Hairy penstemon, Smooth penstemon No No Herbs Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
Persicaria virginiana Virginia knotweed, Jumpseed Yes No Herbs Wet conditions
Phlox divaricata Wild blue phlox, Woodland phlox No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Phlox paniculata Fall phlox, Garden phlox No No Herbs Salt, Allelopathic plants **
Phlox subulata Moss phlox, Moss-pink Yes Yes Herbs Salt, Some foot traffic, Air pollution, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Prunus americana American wild plum No No Medium Trees Dry soils/drought
Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum No No Shrubs & Small Trees
Prunus serotina Wild black cherry, Black cherry, Black chokecherry, Rum cherry No No Large Trees
Pycnanthemum incanum Hoary mountain mint No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Pycnanthemum muticum Short-toothed mountain-mint, Clustered mountain-mint No No Herbs
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Narrow-leaf mountain-mint, Slender mountain-mint No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Quercus alba White oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants **
Quercus bicolor Swamp white oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Acidic soils, Allelopathic plants **, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak No No Large Trees Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
Quercus falcata Southern red oak, Spanish oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions, Acidic soils
Quercus michauxii Swamp chestnut oak, Basket oak No No Large Trees Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions, Acidic soils
Quercus montana Chestnut oak, Rock chestnut oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Quercus muehlenbergii Chinquapin oak, Chinkapin oak, Yellow oak No No Large Trees, Medium Trees Dry soils/drought
Quercus palustris Pin oak No No Medium Trees Acidic soils, Salt, Wet conditions, Air pollution
Quercus phellos Willow oak No No Large Trees Salt, Soil compaction, Air pollution, Wet conditions
Quercus rubra Northern red oak No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Soil compaction, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution
Quercus stellata Post oak No No Medium Trees Dry soils/drought, Acidic soils, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Rhexia virginica Virginia meadow beauty No No Herbs
Rhododendron maximum Great laurel, White rosebay, Great rhododendron No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Rhododendron periclymenoides Wild azalea, Pinxterflower, Pinxterbloom azalea No No Shrubs & Small Trees
Rhododendron viscosum var. viscosum Swamp azalea, Clammy azalea No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Rhus aromatica Fragrant sumac, Aromatic sumac, Lemon sumac, Polecat bush, Polecat sumac Yes No Shrubs & Small Trees Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought
Rhus copallinum Winged sumac, Shining sumac, Flameleaf sumac No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Rhus glabra Smooth sumac No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Allelopathic plants **
Rosa carolina Carolina rose, Pasture rose No No Shrubs & Small Trees Soil compaction, Dry soils/drought
Rosa palustris Swamp rose No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Rubus allegheniensis Allegheny blackberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Rudbeckia fulgida Early coneflower, Eastern coneflower, Orange coneflower, Black-eyed susan No No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Wet conditions
Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed susan, Gloriosa daisy, Black eyed susan No No Herbs Salt, Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought
Rudbeckia laciniata Cut-leaved coneflower, Tall coneflower, Green-headed coneflower, Wild goldenglow, Cutleaf coneflower No No Herbs
Salix nigra Black willow No No Medium Trees Salt, Wet conditions, Soil compaction
Salix sericea Silky willow No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Salvia lyrata Lyre-leaf sage Yes No Herbs Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Sassafras albidum Sassafras No No Medium Trees Salt, Dry soils/drought
Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem, Prairie beardgrass, Prairie beard ggass No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Urban environments, Some foot traffic, Allelopathic plants **, Air pollution
Sedum ternatum Wild stonecrop, Woodland stonecrop Yes Yes Herbs Mowing, Some foot traffic, Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Senna hebecarpa American senna, Northern wild senna No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Senna marilandica Maryland wild senna, Southern wild senna No No Herbs
Sericocarpus asteroides Toothed white-top aster No No Herbs
Sericocarpus linifolius Narrow-leaf white-top aster No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Silene caroliniana Northern wild pink, Wild pink Yes No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Smallanthus uvedalia Hairy leafcup, Yellow-flowered leafcup, Bear's-foot No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Solidago bicolor Silverrod, White goldenrod No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Solidago caesia Bluestem goldenrod, Blue-stemmed goldenrod, Wreath goldenrod, Axillary goldenrod No No Herbs Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Solidago erecta Erect goldenrod, Slender goldenrod No No Herbs
Solidago juncea Early goldenrod No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Solidago rugosa Rough-stemmed goldenrod, Wrinkle-leaf goldenrod No No Herbs Wet conditions
Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass, Yellow indian grass No No Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Salt, Dry soils/drought, Allelopathic plants **, Wet conditions
Spiraea alba var. alba Narrowleaf meadowsweet No No Shrubs & Small Trees Wet conditions
Symphyotrichum cordifolium Heart-leaved aster, Blue wood aster No No Herbs
Symphyotrichum laeve Smooth blue aster, Smooth aster No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum Calico aster, Starved aster No No Herbs
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New england aster No No Herbs Poor soil (sand/clay)
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium Aromatic aster No No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Symphyotrichum pilosum Frost aster, Michaelmas daisy, Awl-aster, Oldfield aster, Steelweed, White-heath aster No No Herbs
Symphyotrichum undulatum Wavy-leaved aster No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Teucrium canadense Canada germander, American germander Yes No Herbs Poor soil (sand/clay), Dry soils/drought
Thaspium barbinode Hairy-jointed meadow parsnip No No Herbs
Tilia americana American basswood, American linden, Bee tree No No Large Trees Dry soils/drought, Air pollution
Vaccinium angustifolium Northern low-bush blueberry, Sugarberry, Low sweet blueberry Yes No Shrubs & Small Trees Salt, Acidic soils
Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry, Northern highbush blueberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions, Acidic soils, Soil compaction
Vaccinium pallidum Early lowbush blueberry, Hillside blueberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Acidic soils
Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought
Vernonia glauca Upland ironweed, Broad-leaf ironweed, Broadleaf ironweed No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Vernonia noveboracensis New york ironweed No No Herbs Wet conditions
Veronicastrum virginicum Culver's-root No No Herbs Wet conditions
Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaf viburnum, Dockmackie No No Shrubs & Small Trees
Viburnum dentatum Arrow-wood, Arrow-wood viburnum, Arrowwood viburnum, Southern arrowwood No No Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Wet conditions, Allelopathic plants **
Viburnum nudum Southern wild raisin, Possum-haw No No Shrubs & Small Trees Salt, Wet conditions
Viola blanda Sweet white violet No No Herbs Wet conditions
Viola canadensis Tall white violet, Canada violet No No Herbs Allelopathic plants **
Viola lanceolata Lance-leaved violet, Narrow-leaved violet No No Herbs Wet conditions
Viola pedata Bird's foot violet, Birdfoot violet, Bird-foot violet No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Viola pubescens Downy yellow violet Yes No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Viola sororia Common blue violet, Confederate violet Yes No Herbs Allelopathic plants **, Wet conditions
Viola striata Striped violet, Cream violet Yes No Herbs Wet conditions
Zizia aurea Golden-alexanders, Common golden-alexanders No No Herbs Salt, Wet conditions, Dry soils/drought
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree, Tulip-poplar, Yellow poplar No No Large Trees Poor soil (sand/clay), Allelopathic plants **, Dry soils/drought, Wet conditions
Solidago odora Sweet goldenrod, Anise-scented goldenrod No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Carex laxiculmis Spreading sedge Yes Yes Grasses, Sedges & Rushes Dry soils/drought, Salt
Coreopsis auriculata Lobed coreopsis, Eared coreopsis , Mouse-eared coreopsis , Lobed tickseed , Ear-leaved tickseed No No Herbs Dry soils/drought
Coreopsis major Woodland coreopsis, Greater tickseed, Greater coreopsis No No Herbs Dry soils/drought, Poor soil (sand/clay)
Morella cerifera Wax myrtle, Southern bayberry No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Urban environments, Poor soil (sand/clay), Wet conditions
Morella cerifera Southern wax myrtle, Southern bayberry No Yes Shrubs & Small Trees Dry soils/drought, Salt, Soil compaction, Wet conditions, Poor soil (sand/clay), Urban environments
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